Attitudes and perceptions of dental students and interns toward AI in dentistry: a cross-sectional survey in a Saudi population

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, including dentistry, by enhancing diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient care; therefore, understanding dental students’ perceptions of AI is essential for integrating AI education into dental curricula. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of AI among dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia to identify gaps and provide insights that may guide future curriculum planning. Fourth- and fifth-year dental students and interns from three dental schools in Saudi Arabia completed a validated questionnaire to assess their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward AI. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the chi-square test with a p value < 0.05. A total of 236 participants completed the survey (response rate: 86.44%) with most (95%) participants reporting familiarity with AI. Engagement in AI-related discussions varied, with higher participation among interns (85.1%) than fourth-year students (50%). AI’s role in patient care was widely accepted, particularly in diagnostic imaging (70.8–76.6%) and patient referrals (54.3–61.1%). Most participants (77.8–92.9%) supported integrating AI into dental curricula but only 55.7–60.6% felt adequately prepared to work with AI tools. Ethical concerns and job displacement fears were also noted. Despite high interest in AI, many dental students and interns lack adequate training and confidence in its use. Structured, hands-on education and ethical guidance are needed to bridge the gap between awareness and practical readiness, ensuring responsible AI integration into dental practice.