Assessment of intrinsic capacity using step 2 assessment tools of the integrated care for older people (ICOPE) care in the elderly population living in the Chengalpattu region

Population aging presents major health challenges globally, including in Tamil Nadu. The World Health Organisation’s ICOPE framework emphasizes maintaining intrinsic capacity through detailed, person-centered assessments. However, Step 2 evaluations remain underutilized here, critical for understanding older adults’ functional health. This study aims to fill that gap by providing vital data to improve geriatric care and promote healthy aging locally. To evaluate intrinsic capacity across various domains (e.g., cognition, psychological health, mobility, sensory abilities, and nutrition) using Step 2 assessment tools. The Chengalpattu region of Tamil Nadu was the site of this descriptive cross-sectional study. Eighty-one participants aged 60 and above were assessed using Step 2 of the ICOPE framework. The study evaluated various domains, including cognition, vision, hearing, physical performance, nutrition, mood, and functional capacity. Data collection was conducted after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from participants. SPSS Version 30.0 was the software used to perform the statistical evaluation. A sample of 81 elderly people was assessed with an average age of 70.2 years. Participants aged 75 years and above had significantly reduced physical activity assessments calculated by the Short Physical Performance Battery (p = 0.026), worse state of nutrition as described by the MNA (p = 0.002), with a higher dependency on walking aids (30%) compared to those aged 60–74 years (6.6%), with this difference also being statistically significant (p = 0.006). The older group was also more likely to reside in old age homes (p < 0.001). When comparing elderly individuals living with a partner versus those living alone, those living alone were more likely to reside in old age homes (p < 0.001), had significantly poorer physical performance as per SPPB scores (p = 0.012), and were more likely to have undergone an eye check-up within the last six months (p = 0.001). Elderly individuals living in Old age homes have reduced physical function (p = 0.004), use walking aids more often (p = 0.003), and need more help with daily tasks (p < 0.001) than those living at home. The study highlights vision, mobility, nutrition, and cognitive challenges in aging. Early detection and integrated care are key to promoting healthy aging and reducing dependency.