Spatial inequities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage across Kenya: a geospatial analysis of structural determinants and Development Index patterns
This study underscores the need for targeted interventions, including mobile vaccination units, financial inclusion programs (e.g. M-Pesa subsidies), and the integration of COVID-19 vaccines into routine immunization programs. As Kenya and many LMICs integrate COVID-19 vaccination into routine immunization, our spatial approach, combining DI, cluster detection, and equity metrics, provides an operational toolkit to prioritize underserved areas, inform the placement of service points/mobile teams, and monitor equity as programs transition from campaigns to routine delivery.
Authors
- Samuel Mwalili (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-6514)
- Diego F. Cuadros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-4203)
- Larry Niño (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2350-0879)
- Godfrey Musuka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-4429)
- Agnes Kiragga
- F Dewolfe Miller
Institutions
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Strathmore University (KE)
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (KE)
- Digital Science (United States) (US)
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (US)
- African Population and Health Research Center (KE)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Published
- 2025-12-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf208
- Primary Topic
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00