Gallbladder disease diagnosis from ultrasound using squeeze-and-excitation capsule network with convolutional bidirectional long short-term memory

The gallbladder is a small, hollow organ positioned beneath the liver, primarily responsible for temporarily storing bile. Bile is a fluid formed by the liver that helps digestion. There are various types of gallbladder disease. Early diagnosis and identification are crucial for effective treatment of gallbladder disorders. Poor medical outcomes and improved patient symptoms may result from errors or delays in diagnosis. Numerous symptoms and signs, particularly those associated with gallbladder disorder, might be blurred. As a result, medical specialists must understand and interpret ultrasound images. Considering that ultrasound imaging for diagnosis is labour- and time-consuming, it might be difficult to support financially. Deep learning (DL) is an effective model that could help early identify gallbladder disease using ultrasound (US) images. In this paper, a Hybrid Deep Learning Model with Feature Engineering for the Accurate Diagnosis of Gallbladder Disease Types (HDLMFE-ADGDT) approach is proposed. The primary purpose of the HDLMFE-ADGDT approach is to develop an effective DL-based method for classifying GB disease categories. As an initial step, the HDLMFE-ADGDT technique employs a Non-Local Means (NLM) filter to remove noise and enhance the overall image quality. For feature extraction, the Squeeze-and-Excitation Capsule Network (SE-CapsNet) is employed. At last, the hybrid convolutional neural network with bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN-BiLSTM) is implemented for gallbladder disease diagnosis. A comprehensive set of experiments is conducted to validate the performance of the HDLMFE-ADGDT model on the Gallbladder diseases dataset. The empirical results demonstrate that the HDLMFE-ADGDT model outperformed existing methodologies, achieving 99.09% accuracy, 95.83% precision, 95.87% sensitivity, and 99.49% specificity.