Review of Barriers and Drivers for an Ageing Society in Low‐Carbon Transition

The global shift toward a low-carbon economy presents both challenges and opportunities for ageing societies. As the proportion of elderly individuals increases, it becomes crucial to understand the complex interplay between demographic change and sustainable energy transitions. This paper reviews the multifaceted barriers—economic vulnerability, behavioral inertia, digital exclusion, and institutional rigidity—that impede low-carbon adoption among older populations. At the same time, it explores key drivers including longterm cost savings, enhanced energy awareness, smart technology uptake, and inclusive policy innovation. Based on systematic literature review and policy document analysis, the study synthesizes empirical and theoretical insights across economic, technological, social, and governance domains. It identifies a suite of policy responses—from revenue-recycled carbon pricing and participatory governance to infrastructure modernization and digital literacy programs—that not only address specific barriers but also reinforce enabling drivers. The paper proposes a policy framework that aligns institutional reforms with environmental justice and ageing-inclusive development. This integrated approach is essential to ensure a just, inclusive, and effective transition to a low-carbon future for ageing populations.