Factors Associated With Multidimensional Sleep Health in Japanese Adults: An Age-Stratified Analysis

Abstract Objective To investigate factors associated with multidimensional sleep health among community-dwelling adults and to assess variations by age group. Methods A self-administered survey was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 among Kyoto City residents aged 40 years or older. Multidimensional sleep health was measured using the RU_SATED questionnaire, which evaluates regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration. A score of 10 or higher defined good sleep health. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associated factors. The study was approved by the Kyoto University Ethics Committee. Results Data from 661 respondents (57.9% female, mean age 64.9 years) were analyzed. Good sleep health was observed in 45.8% of participants, including 44.5% of those younger than 75 years and 49.7% of those 75 years or older. Age group and alcohol drinking (OR = 1.64) were positively associated with good sleep health. In participants younger than 75 years, exercise for health (OR = 1.60) and alcohol drinking (OR = 1.83) were positively associated with good sleep health. In those 75 years or older, obesity (OR = 0.40) was negatively associated with good sleep health. Conclusion Factors associated with good sleep health differ by age group. These findings may provide important evidence for community-based health promotion focused on multidimensional sleep health.