Socio-Economic Effects of Wetlands on Community Livelihoods: A Case of Nalwekomba Wetland in Kamuli District, Uganda

This study investigates the socio-economic effects of Nalwekomba Wetland on community livelihoods in Kamuli District, Uganda. Using a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 380 community members and key informants, integrating surveys, interviews, and participant observation. The findings reveal that wetland resources—including fishing, papyrus harvesting, livestock grazing, and seasonal flooding—significantly contribute to household income, poverty reduction, and women’s empowerment. Access to wetlands and education were positively associated with higher household income, while larger household sizes and resource degradation negatively impacted economic benefits. The study highlights the threats posed by illegal activities and overexploitation, emphasizing the need for sustainable wetland management, community engagement, and policy interventions to enhance equitable socio-economic benefits. This research provides valuable insights for environmental managers, policymakers, and researchers interested in wetland conservation and rural livelihoods.