Novel 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione derivatives with antimicrobial anticancer and corrosion inhibition potential

In this study, novel 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione derivatives (C1–C3) were synthesized through the cycloaddition of maleic anhydride with bisazoimine precursors. Structural elucidation was achieved using FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The derivatives demonstrated multifunctional performance in biological and corrosion studies. Compound C1 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (45 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (36 mm), while C2 was highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49 mm) and Escherichia coli (36 mm). Cytotoxicity assays revealed that C3 reduced PC3 prostate cancer cell viability to 10.35% after 24 h and 3.48% after 48 h, with an IC₅₀ value of 42.08 µg/mL. Corrosion inhibition tests in 1 M H₂SO₄ indicated maximum efficiencies of 63.28% (C1) and 62.92% (C2). Adsorption studies confirmed spontaneous adsorption with ΔG°ads values of − 36.08 and − 34.90 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. These findings highlight the novelty of oxazepine derivatives as dual-function agents with promising biomedical and industrial applications.