Religious perspectives on self-compassion in positive psychology: insights from Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism

Self-compassion, a concept increasingly popular in positive psychology, is often viewed from a secular perspective despite its deep roots in religious and philosophical traditions. This paper explores self-compassion within the theological, ethical, and spiritual frameworks of four major religions: Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Drawing on sacred texts, doctrinal teachings, and religious practices, the study demonstrates how these faiths not only reflect but also extend Kristin Neff’s model of self-compassion, which includes self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Each religion offers unique insights—Islam emphasises divine mercy and repentance; Christianity concentrates on grace, forgiveness, and transformation; Buddhism integrates loving-kindness and the universality of suffering; and Hinduism grounds compassion in the sacred self and the principles of karma and non-violence. The findings suggest that religious teachings frame self-compassion not merely as a psychological concept, but as a moral and spiritual obligation. This integration enriches the understanding of self-compassion and offers practical implications for culturally and spiritually sensitive mental health practices