Differential Attainment in Higher Surgical Training: A Systematic Review of Contributing Factors And Interventions

Despite widespread recognition, DA in surgical training remains poorly addressed. Most interventions are unevaluated, under-theorized, and not co-designed with affected trainees. Systematic, evidence-based approaches are urgently needed to achieve equity in surgical education. This review provides actionable insights for surgical educators, policymakers, and training programs aiming to achieve equity.