Biomacromolecule-Regulated Biomimetic Mineralization for Efficiently Immobilizing Cells to Enhance Thermal Stability

The industrial application of free sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) is significantly limited due to cost, stability issues, and poor reusability. In this study, we employed organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers to achieve cell immobilization by co-assembling metal ions with cells. The surface of cells was coated with nanoflowers via chitosan-regulated biomimetic mineralization, thereby enhancing the activity of immobilized cells while providing a protective structure to improve stability. The relative activity of the immobilized cells was 30% higher than that of the free cells. After placing at 4 °C in 15 days, the relative activity of immobilized cells (80%) was substantially higher than that of free cells (40%). Moreover, the immobilized cells retained approximately 85% of their relative activity after 10 cycles. In summary, the novel biocatalysts developed in this study combine high catalytic performance with excellent reusability, demonstrating significant advantages in E. coli cell immobilization and providing a solid foundation for their application in industrial biocatalysis and related fields.