Applications of artificial intelligence and large language models in cancer immunotherapy

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs), the field of cancer immunotherapy is experiencing unprecedented opportunities for progress. As an innovative therapeutic approach, cancer immunotherapy has markedly improved patient outcomes, yet it continues to face challenges such as substantial inter individual variability in therapeutic response, difficulties in identifying novel targets, and limited accuracy in biomarker prediction. In recent years, AI and LLMs have provided powerful support for target identification, personalized treatment design, and precise prediction of immune related biomarkers through data mining, multi-dimensional information integration, and intelligent analysis. This letter highlights emerging advances in the application of AI and LLMs in cancer immunotherapy, summarizes current research progress and their potential for clinical translation, and discusses existing technical barriers and future directions, aiming to promote greater precision and intelligence in cancer immunotherapy.