Characterization of multi-drug resistance and virulence genes from Gram-negative bacteria isolates from street-vended fruits

Abstract Study objectives: To determine the prevalence and characterize multi-drug resistance and its virulence genes from Gram-negative bacteria isolates from street-vended fruits and salads. Method: Street-vended RTE fruits were sampled from five popular markets and locations (Watt, Marian, Edim-Otop, Highway, and Goldie/Etta Agbor), from which a total of 60 RTE fruit and 30 salad samples were collected, and subsequent microbiological analysis was all done using standard protocols. The multi-drug-resistant (MDR) isolates (n = 12) were profiled for SHV, CTX-M, and icaC genes. Results: The identified MDR isolates were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 2), Morganella morganii (n = 6), Enterobacter cloaca, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Proteus mirabilis. A total of five (5) were positive for the IcaC and the SHV genes, while six (6) were positive for the CTX-M genes. Half (n = 50%) of the M. morganii showed the presence of all three genes. Conclusion: With the ability of bacteria isolates to spread resistance genes among themselves, there is an urgent need for studies that holistically address all the lacunae, especially their sources in fruits, and ways to mitigate their spread, given the huge public health implications of these genes in these pathogens.