Residential Satisfaction in Urban Regeneration Areas: A Multilevel Approach to Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Factors

This study aims to identify how individual-level and neighborhood-level factors are associated with residential satisfaction in urban regeneration areas. We conducted a survey of 281 adult residents recruited on-site at six urban regeneration community facilities (URCFs) that had been in operation for at least one year in Daegu, South Korea, and constructed neighborhood-level built environment factors using GIS. Multilevel regression analysis was applied to simultaneously examine how individual-level (level 1) and neighborhood-level (level 2) factors are associated with residential satisfaction. The results indicated that residents who participated more actively in urban regeneration activities reported higher levels of residential satisfaction, and that age integration was also significantly associated with greater satisfaction. Among neighborhood-level built environment factors, a lower proportion of old housing and higher levels of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and water area were related to higher residential satisfaction. These findings indicate that residential satisfaction in urban regeneration areas can be better understood when individual-level characteristics and neighborhood-level built environmental conditions are considered together, highlighting the importance of a multilevel approach that accounts for both levels simultaneously.