The many “co”s of co-creation. Unlocking the many dimensions of co-creation: What it can, may, and should do

“Co-creation” in transdisciplinary research is marked by ambiguity, revealing tensions between collaboration, conflict, and creativity. We argue that co-creative processes must embrace dissent, emotion, and context-specific dialogue to avoid reproducing power imbalances. True co-creation requires competence, transparency, and the capacity and commitment to shared learning in order to transform conflicts constructively.