Adolescents' Indirect Trauma Experiences from Disasters and Their Needs for Intervention Programs: A Focus Group Interview Method

Purpose: This study explored adolescents' experiences of indirect trauma related to disasters and identified program needs from the perspectives of adolescents and school health teachers.Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with 12 adolescents and 12 school health teachers from May to July 2025, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.Results: Four themes with twelve categories emerged. Theme 1 described adolescents' indirect trauma experiences, including emotional shock, suppressed emotional expression, and identification with victims shaped by social interpretations of disaster. Theme 2 addressed support systems and coping, noting the duality of supportive and hurtful relationships, gaps in teachers' recognition, and avoidance as psychological blocking. Theme 3 reflected possibilities for posttraumatic growth, such as behavioral changes to prepare for risks and reappraisal of life and relationships. Theme 4 outlined intervention needs, highlighting awareness of indirect trauma, emotional expression supported by practical strategies and media literacy, informal and comfortable participation formats, and easy-to-use programs for teachers.Conclusion: Indirect trauma among adolescents is a significant mental health concern requiring school-based interventions. Programs should balance adolescents' needs for safe, practical support with teachers' requirements for feasible implementation, and further research should develop tailored interventions that foster posttraumatic growth.