Spontaneous inferior epigastric artery hemorrhage in a COVID-19 patient with membranous nephropathy on anticoagulant therapy: a Case Report

This case highlights the critical balance between thromboprophylaxis and bleeding risk in COVID-19 patients with MN. It underscores the need for individualized anticoagulation strategies, pharmacodynamic monitoring, and multidisciplinary decision-making to mitigate risks in this high-risk population. The interplay of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy, renal impairment, and immunosuppressive therapy amplifies both thrombotic and hemorrhagic tendencies, necessitating extreme vigilance in clinical management.