One Health, Global Health, Planetary Health, and Social Ecology in vector-borne disease research. A systematic review

Vector-borne diseases with their complex systems dynamics pose major research challenges. Integrated health approaches like One Health, Global Health, Planetary Health, and Social Ecology offer suitable methodologies to tackle the various interrelationships around vector-borne diseases. This review assesses how these approaches are used in 21 th century research on vector-borne diseases.Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are viral, bacterial, or parasitic diseases transmitted by living organisms such as mosquitoes or ticks. Assessing the complex systems and transmission mechanisms of VBDs can pose significant research challenges. This systematic review studies the concepts and use of integrated health approaches (IHA) in VBD research: One Health (OH), Global Health (GH), Planetary Health (PH), and Social Ecology (SE). We identify key concepts and discuss the importance of an integrated health approach in VBD study. We highlight the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health and the value of multidisciplinary collaboration. OH emerges as a strong approach, however the synergies among all four health approaches can offer an enriched understanding of VBDs complex systems.