Exploring the therapeutic potentials of Bischofia javanica: Evidence of analgesic, antidiarrheal, and hypoglycemic activities

Bischofia javanica (Euphorbiaceae) has been used for a long time to manage ulcers, bone fractures, dislocations, inflammation, and tuberculosis. This study evaluated the analgesic, antidiarrheal, and hypoglycemic effects of the methanolic fruit extract (MFBJ) and n-hexane fraction (NHF) of the plant. At 400 mg/kg, both reduced pain in the writhing test (56.74 % and 51.63 %; p < 0.001) and prolonged hot plate response times. MFBJ also showed stronger antidiarrheal (68.65 %) and hypoglycemic (5.92 ± 0.03 mmol/L; p < 0.001) effects. Findings suggest therapeutic potential, warranting further characterisation of bioactive compounds. • Bischofia javanica fruits were investigated for analgesic, antidiarrheal, and hypoglycemic activities. • The methanolic extract (MFBJ) and n-hexane fraction (NHF) significantly reduced pain in writhing and hot plate tests. • MFBJ demonstrated more potent inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhoea than NHF at the same dose. • MFBJ significantly lowered blood glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. • These results suggested that B. javanica is a promising source of bioactive agents.