Evaluation of Adverse Drug Effects of Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Tertiary Care Hospitals

Epilepsy represents a widely recognized neurological disorder that necessitates the administration of antiepileptic drugs for its treatment. Although these pharmacological agents are proficient in seizure management, their utilization is often correlated with a spectrum of adverse drug effects that profoundly influence patient adherence and overall quality of life. The primary aim of this investigation was to assess the incidence, severity, and determinants of adverse drug effects associated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) among individuals seeking treatment at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Hospital and Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) Hospital. A cross-sectional observational research design was employed from December 2024 to March 2025 within the neurology department of the PIMS and POF hospitals. A cohort of 60 patients diagnosed with epilepsy, who have been receiving AED therapy, was selected through systematic random sampling. Data collection was facilitated through structured interviews and validated questionnaires, followed by statistical analysis utilizing SPSS version 26.0. The most frequently reported adverse events included dizziness (61.7%), fatigue (58.3%), and muscle weakness (68.3%). Noteworthy statistical correlations were observed between the implementation of combination therapy and an increased incidence of dizziness (p = 0.012), weight gain (p = 0.015), and severe allergic reactions (p = 0.032). Logistic regression analysis identified severe dizziness (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, p = 0.004) and age exceeding 45 years (OR = 2.4, p = 0.018) as significant predictors for discontinuation of therapy. Adverse drug effects are notably prevalent among patients who are on polytherapy. These findings emphasize the necessity for personalized treatment regimens for high-risk groups and vigilant monitoring to optimize therapeutic adherence and enhance patient outcomes.