An Observational Study of the Clinico-epidemiological Profile and Outcome of Newborns Admitted with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Meconium aspiration syndrome remains one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory distress. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 2% to 10% of newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Approximately 30% to 50% of these newborns have severe meconium aspiration syndrome and require mechanical ventilation. This study aimed to assess the clinical profile, risk factors, and outcome in newborns with meconium aspiration syndrome. Methodology: A total of 210 newborns with meconium aspiration syndrome were enrolled in this observational study, after consent from the parents. History and data collection was done using predesigned proforma. At the time of admission, the neonates were examined and Silverman- Anderson score and Downes score assessed the severity of respiratory distress. They were regularly examined and outcome details were noted. Data entered into Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS version 21.8. Results: On multivariate analysis, term gestational age (p < 0.0001), caesarean section (p < 0.001), fetal distress (p < 0.0001), pregnancy-induced hypertension (p < 0.0001), premature rupture of membranes (p < 0.0001), oligohydramnios (p value < 0.004), birth weight less than 2.5 kg (p < 0.0001), APGAR score less than or equal to 4 at one minute (p < 0.0001), and ventilator support (p < 0.0001) were found to be significant predictors of neonatal mortality. Conclusions: Meconium aspiration syndrome continue to be a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly among term and post-term infants. The present study highlights that timely identification of perinatal risk factors, early and appropriate resuscitation, and prompt institution of supportive care play pivotal roles in improving neonatal outcomes.