Quality improvement interventions to prevent late-onset sepsis in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

QI bundles significantly reduce LOS in preterm infants, including VLBW and ELBW subgroups, through core components like multidisciplinary teams, hand hygiene, and central line management. Given outcome variations by diagnostic criteria, standardizing LOS definitions is crucial. These bundles should be integrated into routine care globally. Future efforts should prioritize standardized reporting, antibiotic stewardship, and equitable implementation, especially in low-resource settings, by building on existing evidence and broader healthcare principles.