Evaluating Iron Ore Deposits through an Integrated Remote Sensing, Magnetic and Geochemical Study in the Langrial Area of Northern Pakistan–Western Syntax of the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract The Langrial iron ore deposits, located in the villages of Dubran and Darkot in Hazara, Pakistan, were evaluated using remote sensing, magnetic, and geochemical investigations. Data from ASTER, Landsat‐8, and Sentinel‐2 satellites were utilized and processed through techniques such as band ratio analysis, band compositing, and NDVI masking to reduce vegetation effects and to delineate various lithological units and mineralogical signatures within the study area. Magnetic anomalies revealed multiple levels of iron mineralization, with the hematite zone showing the most significant potential for high‐grade iron ore. Geochemical analyses confirmed the presence of iron, along with minerals such as chromium, calcium, magnesium, and lead. In Dubran, mean iron concentrations are recorded at 370.94 mg/kg, whereas in Darkot, they reach up to 2052 mg/kg. The integration of remote sensing, magnetic, and geochemical data delineates key mineralized zones in the various parts of the study area. This research highlights the importance of combining geophysical and geochemical methodologies to refine mineral exploration efforts. The findings enhance our understanding of the Langrial iron ore deposits and highlight their economic potential for sustainable mining practices. This study will contribute to meeting the growing demand for iron ore resources and reducing Pakistan's reliance on imports, thereby promoting the sustainable development of local industries.