Emerging Needs, Expanding Applications, and Recent Technological Advances in Biosensors, Especially in Fish Aquaculture

Issues related to malnutrition are addressed primarily through the consumption of fish meat, as it is both affordable and accessible to economically weaker sections of the population. Therefore, challenges observed in the aquaculture and fishery sectors, such as the detection of environmental changes, disease outbreaks, hindered growth, and poor fish health management, need to be addressed to increase production. The employment of modern technologies, such as (bio)sensors, helps to enhance production in artisanal and large aquaculture systems, because these can timely detect challenges, including climate change factors, sea-level-rise-induced salinity load, changes in inland temperatures, ocean acidification, changes in precipitation patterns, ammonia toxicity, infectious diseases, and stress factors in aquatic systems. As a result, appropriate and timely measures can be taken at various stages of fish culture to address common problems. Using major scientific electronic databases, we comprehensively reviewed the topic of emerging needs, expanding applications, and recent technological advances in biosensors, with a particular focus on pisciculture. We highlight the biosensor technology used in the fisheries industry, which represents a pivotal step towards addressing its various aspects.