Preliminary Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Seed and Coat of (C. Sinensis) Sweet Orange

Abstract— Citrus fruits, particularly sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis), are widely consumed due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of C. sinensis seed and coat of this study revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. The results of antimicrobial activity of the extracts of seed and coat of citrus sinensis on Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus showed various degrees activities. The results of zone of inhibition of the seed extract of Citrus Sinensis against Aspergillus Niger, Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus at 100mg/ml dose showed 2.0mm, 1.9mm, and 2.0mm at 100mg/ml concentration respectively as shown in table 2. The result of zone of inhibition of the coat extract of citrus sinensis against Aspergillus Niger, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus Aureus at 100mg/ml dose showed 1.8mm, 1.6mm, and 1.7mm respectively as shown in table 4.2. The results showed that the seed and coat of citrus sinensis extracts has a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml on Aspergillus Niger, Escherichia Coli, and Staphyloccous Aureus respectively shown in table 3. The results showed that the seed and coat extracts of citrus sinensis is microbiocidal to Aspergillus Niger, Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus at a concentration of 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml shown in table 4. These findings support the potential use of C. sinensis extracts as a natural antimicrobial agent.