ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНИХ РІШЕНЬ У ФОРМУВАННІ БІОКЛІМАТИЧНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ

Modern challenges of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly construction highlight the need to rethink traditional approaches to architectural design through the prism of the evolutionary development of energy-efficient technologies. This article explores the patterns of transformation of energy-saving solutions from traditional folk practices to scientifically based bioclimatic architecture. The aim of the work is to identify the evolutionary relationships between traditional and modern energy-efficient approaches and to systematize the principles of their integration to improve the sustainability of urban settlements. The study is based on an analysis of scientific works from 2013- 2025 and historical examples of traditional architecture in different climatic zones: Arctic dwellings (igloos), desert settlements of the Mozabites, traditional solutions in Northern and Southern China, Persian geothermal systems, and Italian passive cooling technologies of the 16th century. Methods of comparative analysis, typological classification, quantitative assessment of thermal characteristics, and modeling of energy characteristics of buildings were used. The analysis confirms the high efficiency of the key principles of folk architecture: thermal inertia provides 20-30% energy savings with the potential to increase to 35-45% when integrated with phase change materials; passive cooling demonstrates 25-40% efficiency with the possibility of increasing it to 40-60% through geothermal systems; climate adaptation increases sustainability by 15-25% with the potential to expand to 30-50% thanks to smart adaptive systems. The scientific novelty lies in establishing the evolutionary patterns of energy-efficient architectural solutions through four stages: empirical experience → scientific justification → technological integration → smart systems. The practical significance is determined by the development of a conceptual framework for the transformation of traditional energy-saving mechanisms into modern architectural and structural solutions capable of reducing energy consumption.