Selenium Nanoparticles: Biomedical Application Advances and New Stomatology Pathways

Yao Zhang,1,* Xiaopeng Qin,1,* Zhen Wan,2,* Chenxin Deng,3,4,* Tian Deng1 1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology(Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People’s Republic of China; 2Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430050, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tian Deng, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology(Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Selenium nanomaterials, as current emerging materials, have garnered significant attention in the medical field due to their remarkable bio-compatibility, low toxicity, and environmental sustainability. Due to their facile synthetic accessibility and tunable physicochemical properties, they exhibit significant potential as novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies for treating inflammation, bacterial infections, and other pathological conditions. This review first systematically outlines three primary synthesis strategies for Selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs): physical, chemical, and biological approaches, highlighting their respective underlying mechanisms and unique advantages. Then it summarizes the properties of various SeNPs and the advantages and disadvantages of each method, assessing and providing a comprehensive comparison of the strengths and limitations associated with each synthesis method. Furthermore, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of SeNPs, with a focus on the signaling pathways and enzymatic interactions through which SeNPs exert their therapeutic effects in vivo. Finally, this review summarizes recent advancements in the application of SeNPs in three critical areas: antimicrobial therapy, cancer treatment, and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant interventions, focusing on summarizing the current application of SeNPs and exploring the possibility of their application in the field of stomatology by elucidating their strengths and weaknesses, which provides a theoretical basis for SeNPs’ application in the field of stomatology.Keywords: selenium nanoparticles, synthesis, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, anti-cancer, stomatology