МІСТА-САДИ ТА ПЕРЕДМІСТЯ-САДИ: ІСТОРІЯ, ПРИНЦИПИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ МІСТОБУДІВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Modern urbanization processes intensify the contradiction between the necessity of urban growth and the human need for contact with the natural environment. In this context, the reference to the garden city concept, proposed by Ebenezer Howard at the end of the 19th century [1], becomes relevant as one of the key ideas in the history of urban planning. The aim of the article is to analyze the historical background and principles of the garden city model, as well as to assess the prospects of applying these ideas in the contemporary context of sustainable development. The methodological basis of the research includes historical-analytical and comparative methods, as well as case studies of historical (Letchworth, Welwyn) and modern examples of innovative greening (Bosco Verticale, One Central Park, Nanyang Technological University, High Line Park) [6; 8].The study demonstrates that the main principles of garden cities — functional zoning, controlled growth, self-sufficiency, and integration of green infrastructure — remain relevant. Contemporary practices of biophilic design and green architecture (vertical gardens, green roofs, park reconversions) expand and transform Howard’s ideas, preserving their significance for the 21st century [7; 9]. It is concluded that the concept of the garden city can be considered as a basis for strategies of sustainable urban development and the creation of a healthy urban environment of the future.