Готовність бібліотек до надзвичайних ситуацій і захист культурної спадщини: міжнародний досвід та українські реалії (на прикладі НБУВ)

Objective. This scholarly publication aims to analyze international experience in preparing libraries for emergencies and to highlight the efforts of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine (NLU) in this area. Methods. To achieve the stated objective, the study employed methods of comparative analysis, systematization, generalization, and case study. Results. The main outcome of the research is the identification of the current level of library preparedness for emergencies. The majority of institutions lack formalized emergency response and cultural heritage preservation plans, or their plans are outdated. This finding is supported by international surveys and the analysis of practices in Southeast Asia and the United States. The case of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine revealed the implementation of a multi-level system of measures aimed at minimizing risks and ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage under emergency conditions, particularly during wartime. This system has proven effective in countering contemporary threats and has positioned the NLU as a leader in emergency response in times of war. Conclusions. International practice demonstrates that effective emergency planning is a critical factor in minimizing risks for libraries, ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage even in the context of armed conflicts and other disasters. The experience of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine serves as an example of an integrated approach to emergency preparedness. Such a comprehensive strategy enables not only the minimization of cultural heritage loss but also enhances the resilience of the library system in the face of multidimensional crises. To enhance the effectiveness of libraries' responses to emergencies, particularly in safeguarding cultural heritage, it is essential to implement flexible plans adapted to local realities, ensure continuous staff training, and undertake digital modernization, which should become a standard in contemporary library practice.