Expanding the Differential: Updates in Low-Grade Epilepsy-Associated Neuroepithelial Tumors for the Pediatric Population

Low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs) are the second most common cause of intractable focal seizures in children. LEATs are distinguished by seizure-onset at a young age, temporal lobe predilection, slow growth, and a benign course. Although initially a small group of tumors, developments in molecular characterization and updates to the 2021 World Health Organization classification have expanded and improved our understanding of LEATs, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and classification. This article aims to provide a critical update on LEATs to the neuroradiology community. Specific objectives include clarifying the 2021 World Health Organization classification as it relates to LEATs, highlighting the importance of molecular pathologic diagnosis, and providing examples of LEATs, including both classic and novel entities.Learning Objective: To integrate the evolving World Health Organization classification with the spectrum of low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs), understand the key role of molecular genetic analysis in tiered diagnosis, and describe representative LEAT entities and their defining features.