The Impact of Long-Term Running on the Development of Osteoarthritis: A Literature Review

Background: Osteoarthritis is a common condition that exerts a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life. It is associated with chronic joint pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. The prevalence of osteoarthritis continues to increase due to its strong association with aging and obesity. Running is a popular form of physical activity that provides numerous well-established health benefits. Determining its relationship with osteoarthritis is therefore of great importance. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine how long-term running, currently one of the most popular sports, influences the development of osteoarthritis of the lower-limb joints. Material and Methods: A literature review of publications from recent years was conducted to identify and summarize the most relevant findings and reports on this topic. Results: The findings were inconclusive. Recreational running, according to most sources, appears to be neutral or beneficial for joint health. Physicians should recommend this form of activity due to its substantial health advantages across numerous domains. However, high-level competitive, elite, and olympic running has been associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis. Conclusions: High-intensity running that may lead to injuries contributing to the development of osteoarthritis should be avoided, but recreational running should not be given up.