HATI Regional Extension Southern Philippines (Mindanao) & Eastern Archipelago Indonesia

The Philippines and Indonesia share the HATI-Oceania region's fundamental challenge: outdoor-biting, early-evening-active vectors that render indoor-focused interventions insufficient. Despite significant progress in malaria control—72 of 82 Philippine provinces are now malaria-free, and 85% of Indonesia's population lives in malaria-free areas—persistent transmission continues in geographically concentrated zones that account for the vast majority of cases in both nations. In the Philippines, malaria transmission is now concentrated almost entirely in Palawan province, with 6,189 cases reported in 2023. However, indigenous Lumad communities in Mindanao remain vulnerable due to remote locations, limited health infrastructure, and documented vector presence. In Indonesia, the situation is more severe: Papua Province alone accounts for 86% of national malaria cases, with 393,801 cases reported in 2022, despite representing only a small fraction of the national population. Both regions share critical characteristics that make HATI adaptation relevant: documented outdoor and early-evening biting by primary vectors, substantial indigenous populations with Traditional Ecological Knowledge, ecological conditions conducive to landscape-based intervention, and documented limitations of conventional indoor-focused approaches. This document provides the situational foundation for regional HATI adaptation, including vector behavioural profiles, vulnerable population demographics, indigenous governance structures, and preliminary botanical and biological intervention candidates.