A novel agar-based phantom for quality control of medical ultrasound devices

Abstract Introduction Regular quality control and verification of medical ultrasound systems are essential for maintaining high diagnostic accuracy. However, the high cost of commercial phantoms often limits their use, particularly in smaller healthcare facilities. This study aimed to develop a low-cost agar-based phantom and evaluate its suitability for ultra-sound quality control. Material and methods The phantom was constructed using a plexiglass container filled with a 30 g/L agar solution. Test structures of different sizes were incorporated using nylon threads, small wooden pieces, and agar mixed with graphite. Measurements were performed with Voluson 730 Expert and GE Healthcare LOGIQ α 100 systems. Results Quality control tests included assessments of image uniformity, contrast resolution, spatial resolution, dead zone, maximum penetration depth, and geometric accuracy. The presence of targets of varying sizes enabled evaluations consistent with international quality assurance guidelines. During testing, several image artifacts and minor malfunctions were observed, likely resulting from trapped air bubbles or transducer imperfections, which could influence image interpretation. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the developed phantom performs reliably for key ultrasound quality control procedures. Conclusions Its simple design, inexpensive materials, and adaptability make it particularly suitable for routine checks and training applications. Furthermore, its easy reproducibility allows customization for different clinical needs and equipment types. Overall, this study demonstrates that an agar-based phantom can serve as an effective, low-cost alternative to commercial models, supporting systematic quality control in ultrasound imaging. Such accessible solutions may help standardize testing procedures, enhance diagnostic consistency, and ultimately improve patient safety.