Research Progress in Electrochemical Sweat Sensors Driven by Advanced Materials and Structural Design for Health Monitoring

ABSTRACT With rapid progress in skin‐interfaced sensing and microfluidic sampling, sweat sensors have emerged as promising platforms for non ‐ invasive physiological monitoring. This review traces the evolution of sweat analysis and provides a mechanism‐driven overview of electrochemical sweat sensors, covering signal transduction principles, materials and interface engineering, and system‐level integration from sweat sampling to electrical readout. We particularly emphasize how functional materials—ranging from fabrication electrodes, interfaces, and carrier materials—govern sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and wearable robustness. We summarize recent advances across representative material classes and device architectures. Despite encouraging proof‐of‐concept demonstrations, large‐scale translation remains challenging due to reliable sweat sampling and standardization, sensor drift and biofouling, manufacturing complexity and cost, and limited clinical validation. Integrated low‐power sensing systems combined with self‐powered strategies and data‐driven analytics may accelerate the deployment of sweat‐based monitoring in digital health applications.