Technological Advancements in Cranial and Spinal Navigation in the Past 30 Years: A Detailed Patent Bibliometric Analysis

There has been an exponential growth in the number of patents in cranial and spinal navigation from 1990s to the present, ultimately revealing no evidence of a plateau of technological innovation in this field. Our data also demonstrates how newer technologies such as deep learning, neural networks, and artificial intelligence are being progressively incorporated into patent applications in the field of cranial and spinal navigation.