Applications of Machine Learning for Cognitive Health in Older Individuals With HIV: Rapid Systematic Review

Machine learning research on dementia among older people with HIV primarily targets HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, with limited exploration of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and related dementias. The absence of longitudinal studies and external validation remains a key limitation. Future research should broaden the focus to all-cause dementia beyond HIV-specific conditions; apply advanced machine learning methods; and leverage large-scale longitudinal, multimodal datasets. Strengthening methodological rigor and enhancing real-world applications will be critical to improving early detection and effective management of cognitive health in this unique aging population.