Investigating the relationship between public community landscape space and older adults’ health using structural equation modeling

The findings indicate that high-quality community landscape spaces effectively promote healthy aging among older adults by activating mechanisms such as physical activity and social participation. At the same time, pathway differences across SES groups suggest that future urban intervention strategies should account for social stratification characteristics to achieve health equity. This study uniquely integrates socio-ecological and environmental determinants frameworks to quantify multi-pathway influences on older adults' health using SEM, underscoring both its originality and international relevance.