Palmar Fascia Fibrosis in Dupuytren’s Disease: A Narrative Review of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Molecular Insights

Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a chronic fibroproliferative disorder of the palmar fascia, leading to disabling digital contractures and high recurrence after surgery. This narrative review highlights DD as a multifactorial condition in which genetic predisposition and cytogenetic instability converge with extracellular matrix remodeling, aberrant transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, cytoskeletal stabilization and immune-inflammatory amplification. Epigenetic dysregulation further locks fibroblasts into a persistent myofibroblast state. Discrepancies between studies are largely explained by disease stage and experimental anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and epigenetic strategies to achieve durable disease modification.