Mapping implementation barriers and facilitators of a physical activity consultation in the Portuguese primary healthcare: a qualitative approach combining the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases and Behaviour Change Wheel frameworks

The implementation of PA consultation was influenced by a broad range of determinants. The most frequently reported barriers are primarily structural and opportunity-related, suggesting system-level implementation strategies are most appropriate. Future strategies should consider implementing clinical standards/orientations for PA promotion, providing institutional incentives based on the attainment of PA indicators, expanding consultation coverage and diversifying referral strategies, reinforcing health system-community partnerships and strengthening training opportunities for implementers. These findings offer relevant insights for enhancing the future implementation of PA consultations, for scaling them up and, ultimately, to increase their effectiveness.