Impact of Various File Systems on Apical Debris Extrusion in Single Canal Teeth: An in Vitro Study

Background and Objectives: This study aims to analyze and correlate the quantity of debris extruded from apical foramen amid root canal instrumentation applying Mtwo, ProTaper Next, and Race Evo file systems. Materials and Method: A collection of sixty single-rooted, single-canal premolars were selected. The roots were divided randomly into three different groups (n = 20 each) based on the type of instrumentation system used: Group 1 – “ProTaper Next,” Group 2 – “RACE EVO,” and Group 3 – “Mtwo.” The debris extruded during instrumentation was collected, dried in pre-weighed vials, and measured using an electronic balance. Results: There was a highly significant difference in apically extruded debris among the three file systems. Mtwo had the lowest debris extrusion (0.00054 ± 0.00018), while Protaper Next had the highest mean debris extrusion (0.00101 ± 0.00020), followed by RACE EVO (0.00077 ± 0.00024). Conclusion: Mtwo with continuous rotation exhibited the most advantageous performance of the evaluated systems due to its S-shaped cross-section and effective debris removal capabilities. Keywords: Debris extrusion, ProTaper Next, RACE EVO, Mtwo