Evaluating urban rail transit–bus network coordination: a case study of Tianjin

The paper selected Tianjin urban rail transit and conventional bus as the research object and used ArcGIS spatial evaluation and DepthMap integration analysis to analyse the spatial characteristics of all coordination characteristics of the evaluation system based on the data of 174 stations on 8 subway lines in Tianjin. First, an evaluation system with 9 indicators (e.g. station kernel density and line repetition coefficient) is built across three dimensions. Second, the entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process are used to determine the comprehensive weight of the evaluation index. The coordination comprehensive evaluation method with the grey correlation degree as the core is established. According to the coordination scores of urban rail transit and conventional public transportation within four types of station areas: commercial centre, residential service, suburban area to be built, and transportation hub, it is found that the residential service type has the largest number, and the suburban area to be built has the highest imbalance rate. The imbalance rate of commercial centre-type stations is 11.1%, and there are only two imbalance stations in the transportation hub type. The findings aid optimisation of coordination and address public transport imbalance.