Particle Swarm Optimization Tuned Active Disturbance Rejection Control with Application to PEMFC Thermal System

Traditional PID control algorithms are limited in dynamic response and disturbance rejection, making them inadequate for handling the complex variations across different operating conditions in fuel cells. To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-tuned active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy aimed at improving efficiency and robustness in PEMFC thermal management. By integrating PSO with ADRC, the controller parameters are adaptively adjusted to adapt to system dynamics and external disturbances. Simulation results show that the PSO-optimized ADRC scheme achieves superior temperature stability, faster dynamic response and stronger disturbance rejection compared to a traditional ADRC. This improvement contributes to the long-term reliability and efficiency of PEMFC operation.