Rhythmic Sensory Stimulation and Music-Based Interventions in Focal Epilepsy: Clinical Evidence, Mechanistic Rationale, and Digital Perspectives—A Narrative Review

Music-based and rhythmic sensory interventions represent a promising but underexplored adjunctive approach for focal epilepsy. Their effectiveness likely depends on individual network characteristics and on the structure of the applied rhythm. Digital integration may enhance personalization and adherence. Rigorous clinical trials and mechanistic studies are required to define optimal parameters, identify responders, and clarify the role of rhythmic stimulation within modern epilepsy care.