Research on the human-involved risk coupling and effectiveness of intelligent decoupling technologies of safety risk in power system construction and operation

In power system construction and operation (PSC&O), human factors are critical contributors to accidents, frequently coupling with machine, environmental, and management factors to amplify risks. To address these challenges, it is essential to transition from traditional man-machine systems to human-centered human-machine collaboration by leveraging intelligent safety technologies associated with Industry 5.0. Based on expert interviews and an analysis of 165 human casualty accident reports from 2019 to 2023, this study employs grounded theory to systematically identify safety risks within the "human-machine-environment-management" framework. The N-K model is employed to identify key human-factor risk coupling patterns, which are then examined through a workflow-based accident causal chain analysis to detail human-factor interactions and corresponding technology demands. Based on this foundation, the entropy-weighting & TOPSIS method is used to assess the decoupling effectiveness of six representative Industry 5.0 intelligent safety technologies. The results show that "human-management" interactions are not only the most frequent sources of accidents but also involve the riskiest subfactor couplings. Moreover, multi-factor risk couplings generally exhibit higher risk levels than two-factor couplings. Among the technologies evaluated, intelligent detection and monitoring systems and intelligent risk early warning systems demonstrate the strongest decoupling performance, while intelligent control technologies are comparatively less effective.