High prevalence of depression in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study on risk factors and therapeutic implications

Nearly one-third of patients with symptomatic KOA had clinically significant depressive symptoms, with a higher proportion among women. Depression was associated with both non-modifiable (female sex) and potentially modifiable factors, including BMI, pain severity, functional limitation, comorbidities, and physical inactivity. The absence of a significant association between KL grade and depression supports a comprehensive management approach that addresses pain, physical activity, and mental health.