Trimester-specific reference values of ultrasound-derived fat fraction and automated point shear-wave elastography for liver assessment in healthy singleton pregnancies

In this cohort, UDFF and liver stiffness increased across trimesters, reflecting physiological weight gain. These quantitative ultrasound biomarkers appear promising as noninvasive tools for monitoring early liver health, helping distinguish normal pregnancy-related hepatic changes from pathological conditions. The reference values reported in this paper may aid in improving prenatal liver assessment and guide timely interventions for optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes. However, these preliminary findings remain to be validated in larger multicenter cohorts with postpartum follow-up.