Towards a Pressure-Sensitive FET-Based Sensor for Urodynamic Pressure Mapping

Bladder dysfunctions, including urinary incontinence and neurogenic bladder, affect millions of individuals worldwide and are most commonly diagnosed using invasive, catheter-based urodynamic studies. While clinically reliable, these methods are uncomfortable, infection-prone, and unsuitable for long-term monitoring. This study presents the design and simulation of a MEMS-based pressure sensor utilizing a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field-effect transistor (FET) architecture for continuous bladder monitoring. The device operates through a suspended diaphragm that deflects under applied pressure, modulating the effective gate capacitance and thereby altering the transistor’s electrical response. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were performed to evaluate diaphragm deflection across physiologically relevant pressures (0–400 cmH2O), and the results were coupled to a Python-based FET model to analyze current–voltage behavior. The simulations demonstrate a linear diaphragm response and corresponding threshold-voltage shifts, confirming the feasibility of pressure-to-current transduction. These findings establish the proposed MoS2 FET-based sensor as a promising candidate for minimally invasive and long-term bladder pressure monitoring, addressing key limitations of conventional catheter-based systems.