A Novel Practical Session to Teach Concepts of Allometric Scaling of Brain Structures to Undergraduate Students Using Vertebrate Brains

Scaling relationships are central to interpreting patterns of morphological variation in brain composition. However, allometric scaling can be a difficult concept for students to understand, requiring the integration of evolutionary biology with mathematical relationships. The differential scaling of brain components over evolutionary time is particularly complex. The challenges associated with these concepts are further compounded by the lack of practical activities to allow students to explore these concepts in a neuroscience context. In this study, we present a novel practical session to teach these ideas to second year biology and zoology undergraduate students by combining traditional sheep and pig brain dissections with accessible staining techniques, and imaging using freely available software, that together enable allometric scaling relationships among brain components to be visualised and analysed in both an intraspecific and interspecific manner. Objectively, our data shows a statistically significant improvement (p=<0.0001) in performance on questions related to the scaling concepts following the practical session. Subjectively, 93% of students wanted the lecturer to continue teaching this practical (with 0% of students against it being reused in future), with 89% believing the practical had increased their interest in studying neuroscience. Most students believed the practical had improved their understanding of the concepts and enhanced their ability to critically analyse literature on the topic of allometric scaling and brain anatomy. Students’ perceptions of the practical were positive with the average rating of perceived learning 8.11 out of 10 (where 10 is an excellent learning experience and 1 is a terrible learning experience). Aside from minor technical suggestions, the main improvements suggested by students were that they wished they had more time for the practical.