Global Epidemiological Transition of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter (1990–2021): Multidimensional Burden Dynamics and Socioeconomic Health Gradients Across 204 Countries and Territories

This study shows that the global burden of AF/AFL has an overall increasing trend from 1990 to 2021, primarily driven by population growth and aging. Countries with a high SDI bear a disproportionately high burden of AF/AFL, while SDI-related inequalities among countries have worsened over time. This study highlights the significant challenges in the prevention and management of AF/AFL, including the rising number of cases and the unequal distribution of the subsequent burden worldwide. These findings may be instructive for developing more effective public health policies and reasonably allocating medical resources.