Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects, and Clinical Applications of Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)

Abstract As a traditional medicinal and edible herb, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components, such as volatile oils (e.g., ligustilide), organic acids (e.g., ferulic acid), and polysaccharides. It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, neuroprotective functions, blood glucose regulation, antitumor activity, and hematopoietic promotion. Clinically, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, diabetes, and cancer. Although existing studies have identified some active components, the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored. Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids, coumarins, amino acids, bioactive peptides, trace elements, and vitamins. Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy. Additionally, in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.